IS

Banker, Rajiv D.

Research Interests (40)

List of Topics (40)

Topic Weight Topic Terms
0.987 software development maintenance case productivity application tools systems function tool engineering projects effort code developed
0.713 productivity information technology data production investment output investments impact returns using labor value research results
0.555 information strategy strategic technology management systems competitive executives role cio chief senior executive cios sis
0.472 production manufacturing marketing information performance systems level impact plant model monitor does strategies 500 unit
0.458 emotions research fmri emotional neuroscience study brain neurois emotion functional neurophysiological distrust cognitive related imaging
0.435 model research data results study using theoretical influence findings theory support implications test collected tested
0.420 structure integration complex business enhancement effects access extent analyzing volatile capture requires occurs pattern enables
0.402 approach analysis application approaches new used paper methodology simulation traditional techniques systems process based using
0.363 technology investments investment information firm firms profitability value performance impact data higher evidence diversification industry
0.334 supply chain information suppliers supplier partners relationships integration use chains technology interorganizational sharing systems procurement
0.293 capital social ict communication rural icts cognitive society information well-being relational india societal empirically create
0.243 costs cost switching reduce transaction increase benefits time economic production transactions savings reduction impact services
0.228 technologies technology new findings efficiency deployed common implications engineers conversion change transformational opportunity deployment make
0.225 performance firm measures metrics value relationship firms results objective relationships firm's organizational traffic measure market
0.219 increased increase number response emergency monitoring warning study reduce messages using reduced decreased reduction decrease
0.212 capabilities capability firm firms performance resources business information technology firm's resource-based competitive it-enabled view study
0.203 product products quality used characteristics examines role provide goods customization provides offer core sell key
0.198 software development product functionality period upgrade sampling examines extent suggests factors considered useful uncertainty previous
0.194 use support information effective behaviors work usage examine extent users expertise uses longitudinal focus routine
0.190 software development process performance agile processes developers response tailoring activities specific requirements teams quality improvement
0.186 level levels higher patterns activity results structures lower evolution significant analysis degree data discussed implications
0.181 contract contracts incentives incentive outsourcing hazard moral contracting agency contractual asymmetry incomplete set cost client
0.176 reuse results anchoring potential strategy assets leading reusability incentives impact bias situations effect similarity existing
0.175 negative positive effect findings results effects blog suggest role blogs posts examined period relationship employees
0.172 information management data processing systems corporate article communications organization control distributed department capacity departments major
0.169 applications application reasoning approach cases support hypertext case-based prototype problems consistency developed benchmarking described efficient
0.160 research study influence effects literature theoretical use understanding theory using impact behavior insights examine influences
0.153 states united employment compensation labor workers paper work extent findings increasing implications concerns relationship managerial
0.146 countries global developing technology international country developed national economic policy domestic study foreign globalization world
0.145 information research literature systems framework review paper theoretical based potential future implications practice discussed current
0.142 model models process analysis paper management support used environment decision provides based develop use using
0.133 research researchers framework future information systems important present agenda identify areas provide understanding contributions using
0.129 effects effect research data studies empirical information literature different interaction analysis implications findings results important
0.128 performance results study impact research influence effects data higher efficiency effect significantly findings impacts empirical
0.118 information types different type sources analysis develop used behavior specific conditions consider improve using alternative
0.110 user involvement development users satisfaction systems relationship specific results successful process attitude participative implementation effective
0.109 design designs science principles research designers supporting forms provide designing improving address case little space
0.108 framework model used conceptual proposed given particular general concept frameworks literature developed develop providing paper
0.108 market competition competitive network markets firms products competing competitor differentiation advantage competitors presence dominant structure
0.103 information environment provide analysis paper overall better relationships outcomes increasingly useful valuable available increasing greater

Coauthor Network

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List of Coauthors (30)

Pavlou, Paul A. 4 Kauffman, Robert J. 3 Bardhan, Indranil R. 2 Asdemir, Ozer 1
Atasoy, Hilal 1 Benbasat, Izak 1 Brocke, Jan vom 1 Chang, Hsihui 1
Dimoka, Angelika 1 Davis, Fred D. 1 Dennis, Alan R. 1 Gefen, David 1
Gupta, Alok 1 Ganju, Kartik K. 1 Hu, Nan 1 Ischebeck, Anja 1
Kemerer, Chris F. 1 Kalvenes, Joakim 1 Kenning, Peter H. 1 Kumar, Rachna 1
Lin, Shu 1 Luftman, Jerry 1 MŸller-Putz, Gernot 1 Morey, Richard C. 1
Patterson, Raymond A. 1 Plehn-Dujowich, Jose M. 1 Riedl, RenŽ 1 Slaughter, Sandra A. 1
Weber, Bernd 1 Wattal, Sunil 1

Article Keywords (64)

CASE 2 productivity measurement 2 reuse 2 software engineering 2
software development 2 software economics 2 abnormal stock returns 1 business-to-business relationships 1
contract theory 1 collaboration software 1 collaborative product commerce 1 Chief information officer (CIO) 1
CIO reporting structure 1 cost leadership 1 cash flows from operations 1 chief executive officer ( 1
Computer-Aided Software Engineering 1 causality tests 1 Country well-being 1 diversification 1
electronic data interchange 1 effects of ICT 1 firm performance 1 Function Point Analysis 1
firm acquisition 1 firm-level employment 1 game theory 1 interorganizational systems 1
ICASE 1 information systems 1 innovation 1 IT use 1
ICT investments 1 ICT policy 1 ICT use 1 ICT adoption 1
justin-time manufacturing 1 longitudinal effects of IT 1 management of computing and information systems 1 Management of Information Systems 1
Manufacturing capabilities 1 measuring value of information systems 1 new product development 1 neuroimaging 1
NeuroIS 1 neurophysiological tools 1 neuroscience 1 operational efficiency 1
Object point analysis 1 Object-based metrics 1 Porter’s generic strategies 1 product/service differentiation 1
psychophysiological tools 1 productivity gains due to information systems 1 resource planning systems 1 R&D 1
Software Complexity 1 Software Enhancement 1 Software Structure 1 Software Volatility 1
Structured Design 1 strategic positioning 1 Software Metrics 1 transaction cost 1

Articles (13)

On the Longitudinal Effects of IT Use on Firm-Level Employment (Information Systems Research, 2016)
Authors: Abstract:
    The effect of information technology (IT) on employment is a crucial question in today's economy given the increased digitization of work. To analyze the relationship between IT use and firm-level employment, we examine the longitudinal role of IT use in the firm's total number of employees. Our data set comes from the emerging economy of Turkey, and it represents firms of different sizes and industries. The data capture the firm's use of enterprise applications, such as enterprise resource planning and customer relationship management, and the use of Web applications, such as e-banking and e-government. Our empirical specifications exploit both within-firm and between-firm variations to show the positive effect of IT use on firm-level employment, which varies across IT applications over time. Interestingly, we find that the effects of the use of enterprise applications materialize after two years, whereas the effects of the use of Web applications are realized in the current year. We also examine whether the role of IT use in firm-level employment are moderated by firm size, average wage rate, and industry technology intensity. The long-term effects of the use of enterprise applications on firm-level employment are more pronounced in larger firms, with higher average wages, and in high-technology industries. The results are robust to alternative specifications and tests that address causality and endogeneity concerns. Implications for research, practice, and public policy are discussed.
Does Information and Communication Technology Lead to the Well-Being of Nations? A Country-Level Empirical Investigation (MIS Quarterly, 2016)
Authors: Abstract:
    This paper examines the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in enhancing the well-being of nations. Extending research on the role of ICT in the productivity of nations, we posit that the effects of ICT may not be limited to productivity (e.g., GDP), and we argue that the use of ICT can also improve the well-being of a country by helping citizens to develop their social capital and achieve social equality, enabling access to health-related information and health services, providing education to disadvantaged communities, and facilitating commerce. Using a number of empirical specifications, specifically a fixed-effects model and an instrumental variable approach, our results show that the level of ICT use (number of fixed telephones, Internet, mobile phones) in a country predict a country's well-being (despite accounting for GDP and several other control variables that also predict a country's well-being). Furthermore, by using an exploratory method (biclustering) of identifying both country-specific and ICT-specific variables simultaneously, we identify clusters of countries with similar patterns in terms of their use of ICT, and we show that not all countries increase their level of well-being by using ICT in the same manner. Interestingly, we find that less developed countries increase their level of well-being with mobile phones primarily, while more developed countries increase their level of well-being with any ICT system. Contributions and implications for enhancing the well-being of nations with ICT are discussed.
ON THE USE OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL TOOLS IN IS RESEARCH: DEVELOPING A RESEARCH AGENDA FOR NEUROIS. (MIS Quarterly, 2012)
Authors: Abstract:
    This article discusses the role of commonly used neurophysiological tools such as psychophysiological tools (e.g., EKG, eye tracking) and neuroimaging tools (e.g., fMRI, EEG) in Information Systems research. There is heated interest now in the social sciences in capturing presumably objective data directly from the human body, and this interest in neurophysiological tools has also been gaining momentum in IS research (termed NeuroIS). This article first reviews commonly used neurophysiological tools with regard to their major strengths and weaknesses. It then discusses several promising application areas and research questions where IS researchers can benefit from the use of neurophysiological data. The proposed research topics are presented within three thematic areas: (1) development and use of systems, (2) IS strategy and business outcomes, and (3) group work and decision support. The article concludes with recommendations on how to use neurophysiological tools in IS research along with a set of practical suggestions for developing a research agenda for NeuroIS and establishing NeuroIS as a viable subfield in the IS literature.
R&D Versus Acquisitions: Role of Diversification in the Choice of Innovation Strategy by Information Technology Firms. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 2011)
Authors: Abstract:
    This research examines the role of diversification on incumbent firms' response to the threat of new entry. When faced with threats posed by new technologies, incumbent firms in the information technology (IT) industry can either perform research and development (R&D), or acquire the new entrants who are successful at innovating. We use a two-stage game-theoretic framework to model the relation between diversification and the decision to acquire versus perform R&D. We also collect data on financial indicators for firms in the IT industry using the Compustat database to empirically test the propositions from the analytical model. Our results suggest that firms with a higher degree of diversification are more likely to innovate through acquisition than through R&D. Moreover, diversification has a positive effect on investment in acquisitions, as well as a negative effect on investment in R&D.
CIO REPORTING STRUCTURE, STRATEGIC POSITIONING, AND FIRM PERFORMANCE. (MIS Quarterly, 2011)
Authors: Abstract:
    The article presents management research on the executive position of chief information officer (CIO), considering the reporting structure of management in terms of the CIO's access to senior executives and participation in decision making. The informal assumptions that the CIO should report directly either to the chief executive officer (CEO) to promote the role of information technology or to the chief financial officer to control information technology costs are examined. A hypothesis is proposed that a company's strategic positioning should determine the CIO reporting structure, and longitudinal data is presented supporting the hypothesis.
Information Technology, Contract Completeness, and Buyer-Supplier Relationships. (Information Systems Research, 2006)
Authors: Abstract:
    The theory of incomplete contracts has been used to study the relationship between buyers and suppliers following the deployment of modern information technology to facilitate coordination between them. Previous research has sought to explain anecdotal evidence from some industries on the recent reduction in the number of suppliers selected to do business with buyers by appealing to relationship-specific costs that suppliers may incur. In contrast, this paper emphasizes that information technology enables greater completeness of buyer-supplier contracts through more economical monitoring of additional dimensions of supplier performance. The number of terms included in the contract is an imperfect substitute for the number of suppliers. Based on this idea, alternative conditions are identified under which increased use of information technology leads to a reduction in the number of suppliers without invoking relationship-specific costs. We find that a substantial increase in contract completeness due to reduced cost of information technology could increase the cost per supplier even though the cost of coordination and the cost per term monitored decrease. Such an increase in the cost per supplier leads to a reduction in the number of suppliers with whom the buyer chooses to do business. Similarly, we find that if coordination cost is reduced when more information technology is deployed so that the number of suppliers in the buyer's pool increases substantially, the buyer might choose to make the supplier contracts less complete, instead relying on a more market-oriented approach to finding a supplier with good fit.
Understanding the Impact of Collaboration Software on Product Design and Development. (Information Systems Research, 2006)
Authors: Abstract:
    Prior research suggests that supply chain collaboration has enabled companies to compete more efficiently in a global economy. We investigate a class of collaboration software for product design and development called collaborative product commerce (CPC). Drawing on prior research in media richness theory and organizational science, we develop a theoretical framework to study the impact of CPC on product development. Based on data collected from 71 firms, we test our research hypotheses on the impact of CPC on product design quality, design cycle time, and development cost. We find that CPC implementation is associated with greater collaboration among product design teams. This collaboration has a significant, positive impact on product quality and reduces cycle time and product development cost. Further analyses reveal that CPC implementation is associated with substantial cost savings that can be attributed to improvements in product design quality, design turnaround time, greater design reuse, and lower product design documentation and rework costs.
PLANT INFORMATION SYSTEMS, MANUFACTURING CAPABILITIES, AND PLANT PERFORMANCE. (MIS Quarterly, 2006)
Authors: Abstract:
    Firms have been investing over $5 billion a year in recent years on new information technology and software in their manufacturing plants. In this study, we develop a conceptual model based on the theory of dynamic capabilities to study how manufacturing plants realize improvements in plant performance by leveraging plant information systems to enable implementation of advanced manufacturing capabilities. We develop hypotheses about relationships between information systems, their impact on manufacturing practices, and the overall impact on plant performance. Analysis of survey data from 1,077 U.S. manufacturing plants provides empirical support for the dynamic capabilities model and suggests that manufacturing capabilities mediate the impact of information systems on plant performance. Our results underscore the importance of manufacturing and organizational capabilities in studying the impact of IT on manufacturing plant productivity, and provide a sharper theoretical lens to evaluate their impact.
The Moderating Effects of Structure on Volatility and Complexity in Software Enhancement. (Information Systems Research, 2000)
Authors: Abstract:
    The cost of enhancing software applications to accommodate new and evolving user requirements is significant. Many enhancement cost-reduction initiatives have focused on increasing software structure in applications. However, while software structure can decrease enhancement effort by localizing data processing, increased effort is also required to comprehend structure. Thus, it is not clear whether high levels of software structure are economically efficient in all situations. In this study, we develop a model of the relationship between software structure and software enhancement costs and errors. We introduce the notion of software structure as a moderator of the relationship between software volatility, total data complexity, and software enhancement outcomes. We posit that it is efficient to more highly structure the more volatile applications, because increased familiarity with the application structure through frequent enhancement enables localization of maintenance effort. For more complex applications, software structure is more beneficial than for less complex applications because it facilitates the comprehension process where it is most needed. Given the downstream enhancement benefits of structure for more volatile and complex applications, we expect that the optimal level of structure is higher for these applications. We empirically evaluate our model using data collected on the business applications of a major mass merchandiser and a large commercial bank. We find that structure moderates the relationship between complexity, volatility, and enhancement outcomes, such that higher levels of structure are more advantageous for the more complex and more volatile applications in terms of reduced enhancement costs and errors. We also find that more structure is designed in for volatile applications and for applications with higher levels of complexity. Finally, we identify application type as a significant factor in predicting which applications are more volatile and more complex at our research sites. That is, applications with induction-based algorithms such as those that support planning, forecasting, and management decision-making activities are more complex and more volatile than applications with rule-based algorithms that support operational and transaction-processing activities. Our results indicate that high investment in software quality practices such as structured design is not economically efficient in all situations. Our findings also suggest the importance of organizational mechanisms in promoting efficient design choices that lead to reduced enhancement costs and errors.
Performance Evaluation Metrics for Information Systems Development: A Principal-Agent Model. (Information Systems Research, 1992)
Authors: Abstract:
    The information systems (IS) development activity in large organizations is a source of increasing cost and concern to management. IS development projects are often over-budget, late, costly to maintain, and not done to the satisfaction of the requesting user. These problems exist, in part, due to the organization of the IS development process, where information systems development is typically assigned by the user (principal) to a systems developer (agent). These two parties do not have perfectly congruent goals, and therefore a contract is developed to specify their relationship. An inability to directly monitor the agent requires the use of performance measures, or metrics, to represent the agent's actions to the principal. The use of multiple measures is necessary given the multi-dimensional nature of successful systems development. In practice such contracts are difficult to develop satisfactorily, due in part to an inability to specify appropriate metrics. This paper develops a principal-agent model that provides a set of decision criteria for the principal to use to develop an incentive compatible contract for the agent. These criteria include the precision and the sensitivity of the performance metric. After presenting the formal model, some current software development metrics are discussed to illustrate how the model can be used to provide a theoretical foundation and a formal vocabulary for performance metric analysis. The model is also used in a positive (descriptive) manner to explain why current practice emphasizes metrics that possess relatively high levels of sensitivity and precision. Finally, some suggestions are made for the improvement of current metrics based upon these criteria.
An Empirical Test of Object-based Output Measurement Metrics in a Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Environment. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 1991)
Authors: Abstract:
    Existing output measurement metrics for cost estimation and development productivity need to be reexamined to determine their performance in computer-aided software engineering (CASE) development environments. This paper critiques and empirically evaluates four approaches to the measurement of outputs. Two of the metrics, raw function counts and function points, are based on the function point analysis methodology pioneered by Albrecht and Gaffney at IBM. The second two, object counts and object points, are based on a new approach—object points analysis—that is introduced here for the first time. The latter metrics are specialized for output measurement in object-based CASE environments that include a centralized object repository. Estimation results for nineteen large-scale CASE projects show that the new metrics have the potential to yield equally accurate, yet easier to obtain estimates than function points-based measures.
Reuse and Productivity in Integrated Computer- Aided Software Engineering: An Empirical Study. (MIS Quarterly, 1991)
Authors: Abstract:
    Growing competition in the investment banking industry has given rise to increasing demand for high functionality software applications that can be developed in a short period of time. Yet delivering such applications creates a bottleneck in software development activities. This dilemma can be addressed when firms shift to development methods that emphasize software reusability. This article examines the productivity implications of object and repository-based integrated computer-aided software engineering (ICASE) software development in the context of a major investment bank's information systems strategy. The strategy emphasizes software reusability. Our empirical results, based on data from 20 projects that delivered software for the bank's New Trades Processing Architecture (NTPA), indicate an order of magnitude gain in software development productivity and the importance of reuse as a driver in realizing this result. In addition, results are presented on the extent of the learning that occurred over a two-year period after ICASE was introduced, and on the influence of the link between application characteristics and the ICASE tool set in achieving development performance. This work demonstrates the viability of the firm's IS strategy and offers new ideas for code reuse and software development productivity measurement that can be applied in development environments that emphasize reuse.
Measuring Gains in Operational Efficiency from Information Technology: A Study of the Positran Deployment at Hardee's Inc. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 1990)
Authors: Abstract:
    This paper presents a new approach to measuring the input productivity gains from information technology (IT) in complex managerial environments. The approach is illustrated in the context of a study of a pilot deployment at Hardee's Inc. of a new cash register point-of-sale and order-coordination technology called "Positran." The method employs data envelopment analysis (DEA) and nonparametric production frontier hypothesis testing to determine whether the performance of restaurants that have deployed Positran is better, on average, than for those that have not. The design of the study is of special interest, because it approximates a controlled experiment. Our results show that Positran helped to reduce input materials costs, since restaurants that deployed the technology were less likely to be inefficient. It is further possible to characterize the class of restaurants for which the relationship holds. Operational efficiency measures such as the ones we have developed provide managers with the opportunity to implement deployment strategies for new ITS in order to maximize value.